Illinois Pesticide Applicator Practice Test

What condition is described by soil compaction, pesticide or fertilizer excess, and temperature extremes?

1. Infectious disease

2. Noninfectious disease

3. Chronic disease

4. Acute disease

The correct answer is: Noninfectious disease

The condition characterized by soil compaction, excess of pesticides or fertilizers, and temperature extremes aligns with the definition of a noninfectious disease. Noninfectious diseases are typically environmental or stress-related conditions that impact plant health without being caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Soil compaction can hinder root growth and water infiltration, while an excess of pesticides or fertilizers can lead to toxicity or nutrient imbalances. Additionally, temperature extremes can stress plants, leading to physiological damage. These factors do not involve infectious agents, which distinguishes them as noninfectious diseases. In contrast, infectious diseases are specifically attributed to pathogens that spread from one plant to another. Chronic diseases generally refer to long-term conditions affecting plants over time, while acute diseases are characterized by sudden onset, often due to a pathogenic agent. This context highlights why the described condition is best categorized as a noninfectious disease.